धारा 51 · Promisor not bound to perform, unless reciprocal promisee ready and willing to perform

When a contract consists of reciprocal promises to be simultaneously performed, no promisor need perform his promise unless the promisee is ready and willing to perform his reciprocal promise.

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Illustrations

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(a) A and B contract that A shall deliver goods to B to be paid for by B on delivery.

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A need not deliver the goods, unless B is ready and willing to pay for the goods on delivery.

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B need not pay for the goods, unless A is ready and willing to deliver them on payment.

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(b) A and B contract that A shall deliver goods to B at a price to be paid by instalments, the first instalment to be paid on delivery.

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A need not deliver, unless B is ready and willing to pay the first instalment on delivery.

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B need not pay the first instalment, unless A is ready and willing to deliver the goods on payment of the first instalment.