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Constitution of India
Article 45

Constitution of India

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Part IThe Union and Its Territory

1Name and territory of the Union
2Admission or establishment of new States
3Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States
4Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters

Part IICitizenship

5Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution
6Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan
7Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan
8Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India
9Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens
10Continuance of the rights of citizenship
11Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law

Part IIIAFundamental Rights - General

12Definition
13Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights

Part IIIBFundamental Rights - Right to Equality

14Equality before law
15Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
16Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
17Abolition of Untouchability
18Abolition of titles

Part IIICFundamental Rights - Right to Freedom

19Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc
20Protection in respect of conviction for offences
21Protection of life and personal liberty
21ARight to education
22Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases

Part IIIDFundamental Rights - Right against Exploitation

23Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
24Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc

Part IIIEFundamental Rights - Right to Freedom of Religion

25Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion
26Freedom to manage religious affairs
27Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion
28Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions

Part IIIFFundamental Rights - Cultural and Educational Rights

29Protection of interests of minorities
30Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions
31Compulsory acquisition of property

Part IIIGFundamental Rights - Saving of Certain Laws

31ASaving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc
31BValidation of certain Acts and Regulations
31CSaving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles
31DSaving of laws in respect of anti-national activities

Part IIIHFundamental Rights - Right to Constitutional Remedies

32Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part
32AConstitutional validity of State laws not to be considered in proceedings under article 32
33Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc
34Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area
35Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part

Part IVDirective Principles of State Policy

36Definition
37Application of the principles contained in this Part
38State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people
39Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State
39AEqual justice and free legal aid
40Organisation of village panchayats
41Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases
42Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
43Living wage, etc., for workers
43AParticipation of workers in management of industries
43BPromotion of co-operative societies
44Uniform civil code for the citizens
45Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years
46Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections
47Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health
48Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry
48AProtection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life
49Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance
50Separation of judiciary from executive
51Promotion of international peace and security

Part IVAFundamental Duties

51AFundamental duties

Part VAThe Union (Chapter I - the Executive)

52The President of India
53Executive power of the Union
54Election of President
55Manner of election of President
56Term of office of President
57Eligibility for re-election
58Qualifications for election as President
59Conditions of President's office
60Oath or affirmation by the President
61Procedure for impeachment of the President
62Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy
63The Vice-President of India
64The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States
65The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of President
66Election of Vice-President
67Term of office of Vice-President
68Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy
69Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President
70Discharge of President's functions in other contingencies
71Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President
72Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases
73Extent of executive power of the Union
74Council of Ministers to aid and advise President
75Other provisions as to Ministers
76Attorney-General for India
77Conduct of business of the Government of India
78Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc

Part VBThe Union (Chapter II - Parliament)

79Constitution of Parliament
80Composition of the Council of States
81Composition of the House of the People
82Readjustment after each census
83Duration of Houses of Parliament
84Qualification for membership of Parliament
85Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution
86Right of President to address and send messages to Houses
87Special address by the President
88Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses
89The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States
90Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman
91Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman
92The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
93The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People
94Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker
95Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker
96The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
97Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker
98Secretariat of Parliament
99Oath or affirmation by members
100Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum
101Vacation of seats
102Disqualifications for membership
103Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members
104Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualified
105Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof
106Salaries and allowances of members
107Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills
108Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases
109Special procedure in respect of Money Bills
110Definition of “Money Bills”
111Assent to Bills
112Annual financial statement
113Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates
114Appropriation Bills
115Supplementary, additional or excess grants
116Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants
117Special provisions as to financial Bills
118Rules of procedure
119Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business
120Language to be used in Parliament
121Restriction on discussion in Parliament
122Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament

Part VCThe Union (Chapter III - Legislative Powers of the President)

123Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament

Part VDThe Union (Chapter IV - the Union Judiciary)

124Establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court
124ANational Judicial Appointments Commission
124BFunctions of Commission
124CPower of Parliament to make law
125Salaries, etc., of Judges
126Appointment of acting Chief Justice
127Appointment of ad hoc Judges
128Attendance of retired Judg es at sittings of the Supreme Court
129Supreme Court to be a court of record
130Seat of Supreme Court
131Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
131AExclusive jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in regard to questions as to constitutional validity of Central laws.
132Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases
133Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil matters
134Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters
134ACertificate for appeal to the Supreme Court
135Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court
136Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court
137Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court
138Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
139Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs
139ATransfer of certain cases
140Ancillary powers of the Supreme Court
141Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts
142Enforcement of decrees and orders of the Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc
143Power of the President to consult the Supreme Court
144Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court
144ASpecial provisions as to disposal of questions relating to constitutional validity of laws.
145Rules of Court, etc
146Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court
147Interpretation

Part VEThe Union (Chapter V - Comptroller and Auditor-general of India)

148Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
149Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General
150Form of accounts of the Union and of the States
151Audit reports

Part VIAThe States (Chapter I - General)

152Definition

Part VIBThe States (Chapter II - the Executive)

153Governors of States
154Executive power of State
155Appointment of Governor
156Term of office of Governor
157Qualifications for appointment as Governor
158Conditions of Governor's office
159Oath or affirmation by the Governor
160Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies
161Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases
162Extent of executive power of State
163Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor
164Other provisions as to Ministers
165Advocate-General for the State
166Conduct of Business of the Government of a State
167Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor, etc

Part VICThe States (Chapter III - the State Legislature)

168Constitution of Legislatures in States
169Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States
170Composition of the Legislative Assemblies
171Composition of the Legislative Councils
172Duration of State Legislatures
173Qualification for membership of the St ate Legislature
174Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution
175Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses
176Special address by the Governor
177Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses
178The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
179Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker
180Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker
181The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
182The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council
183Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Chairman and Deputy Chairman
184Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman
185The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
186Salaries and allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the Chairman and Deputy Chairman
187Secretariat of State Legislature
188Oath or affirmation by members
189Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum
190Vacation of seats
191Disqualifications for membership
192Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members
193Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 188 or when not qualified or when disqualified
194Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the members and committees thereof
195Salaries and allowances of members
196Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills
197Restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other than Money Bills
198Special procedure in respect of Money Bills
199Definition of “Money Bills”
200Assent to Bills
201Bills reserved for consideration
202Annual financial statement
203Procedure in Legislature with respect to estimates
204Appropriation Bills
205Supplementary, additional or excess grants
206Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants
207Special provisions as to financial Bills
208Rules of procedure
209Regulation by law of procedure in the Legislature of the State in relation to financial business
210Language to be used in the Legislature
211Restriction on discussion in the Legislature
212Courts not to inquire into proceedings of the Legislature

Part VIDThe States (Chapter IV - Legislative Power of the Governor)

213Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature

Part VIEThe States (Chapter V - the High Courts in the States)

214High Courts for States
215High Courts to be courts of record
216Constitution of High Courts
217Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court
218Application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High Courts
219Oath or affirmation by Judges of High Courts
220Restriction on practice after being a permanent Judge
221Salaries, etc., of Judges
222Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another
223Appointment of acting Chief Justice
224Appointment of additional and acting Judges
224AAppointment of retired Judges at sittings of High Courts
225Jurisdiction of existing High Courts
226Power of High Courts to issue certain writs
226AConstitutional validity of Central laws not to be considered in proceedings under article 226.
227Power of superintendence over all courts by the High Court
228Transfer of certain cases to High Court
228ASpecial provisions as to disposal of questions relating to constitutional validity of State laws.
229Officers and servants and the expenses of High Courts
230Extension of jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories
231Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States
232Interpretation

Part VIFThe States (Chapter VI - Subordinate Courts)

233Appointment of district judges
233AValidation of appointments of, and judgments, etc., delivered by, certain district judges
234Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service
235Control over subordinate courts
236Interpretation
237Application of the provisions of this Chapter to certain class or classes of magistrates
241High Courts for Union territories

Part VIIOmitted

238The States in Part B of the First Schedule

Part VIIIThe Union Territories

239Administration of Union territories
239ACreation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union territories
239AASpecial provisions with respect to Delhi
239ABProvision in case of failure of constitutional machinery
239BPower of administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature
240Power of President to make regulations for certain Union territories
241High Courts for Union territories
242Coorg

Part IXAThe Panchayats

243Definitions
243AGram Sabha
243BConstitution of Panchayats
243CComposition of Panchayats
243DReservation of seats
243EDuration of Panchayats, etc
243FDisqualifications for membership
243GPowers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats
243HPowers to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Panchayats
243IConstitution of Finance Commission to review financial position
243JAudit of accounts of Panchayats
243KElections to the Panchayats
243LApplication to Union territories
243MPart not to apply to certain areas
243NContinuance of existing laws and Panchayats
243OBar to interference by courts in electoral matters

Part IXBThe Municipalities

243PDefinitions
243QConstitution of Municipalities
243RComposition of Municipalities
243SConstitution and composition of Wards Committees, etc
243TReservation of seats
243UDuration of Municipalities, etc
243VDisqualifications for membership
243WPowers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc
243XPower to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Municipalities
243YFinance Commission
243ZAudit of accounts of Municipalities
243ZAElections to the Municipalities
243ZBApplication to Union territories
243ZCPart not to apply to certain areas
243ZDCommittee for district planning
243ZECommittee for Metropolitan planning
243ZFContinuance of existing laws and Municipalities
243ZGBar to interference by courts in electoral matters

Part IXCThe Co-operative Societies

243ZHDefinitions
243ZIIncorporation of co-operative societies
243ZJNumber and term of members of board and its office bearers
243ZKElection of members of board
243ZLSupersession and suspension of board and interim management
243ZMAudit of accounts of co-operative societies
243ZNConvening of general body meetings
243ZORight of a member to get information
243ZPReturns
243ZQOffences and penalties
243ZRApplication to multi-State co-operative societies
243ZSApplication to Union territories
243ZTContinuance of existing laws

Part XThe Scheduled and Tribal Areas

244Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas
244AFormation of an autonomous State comprising certain tribal areas in Assam and creation of local Legislature or Council of Ministers or both therefor

Part XIARelations Between the Union and the States ( Chapter I. — Legislative Relations)

245Extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States
246Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States
246ASpecial provision with respect to goods and services tax
247Power of Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain additional courts
248Residuary powers of legislation
249Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the national interest
250Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to any matter in the State List if a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation
251Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament under articles 249 and 250 and laws made by the Legislatures of States
252Power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent and adoption of such legislation by any other State
253Legislation for giving effect to international agreements
254Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament and laws made by the Legislatures of States
255Requirements as to recommendations and previous sanctions to be regarded as matters of procedure only

Part XIBRelations Between the Union and the States ( Chapter II. — Administrative Relations)

256Obligation of States and the Union
257Control of the Union over States in certain cases
257AAssistance to States by deployment of armed forces or other forces of the Union.
258Power of the Union to confer powers, etc., on States in certain cases
258APower of the States to entrust functions to the Union
259Armed Forces in States in Part B of the First Schedule.
260Jurisdiction of the Union in relation to territories outside India
261Public acts, records and judicial proceedings
262Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers or river valleys
263Provisions with respect to an inter-State Council

Part XIIAFinance, Property, Contracts and Suits (Chapter I. — Finance)

264Interpretation
265Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of law
266Consolidated Funds and public accounts of India and of the States
267Contingency Fund
268Duties levied by the Union but collected and appropriated by the States
268AService tax levied by Union and collected and appropriated by the Union and the States.
269Taxes levied and collected by the Union but assigned to the States
269ALevy and collection of goods and services tax in course of inter-State trade or commerce
270Taxes levied and distributed between the Union and the States
271Surcharge on certain duties and taxes for purposes of the Union
272Taxes which are levied and collected by the Union and may be distributed between the Union and the States.
273Grants in lieu of export duty on jute and jute products
274Prior recommendation of President required to Bills affecting taxation in which States are interested
275Grants from the Union to certain States
276Taxes on professions, trades, callings and employments
277Savings
278Agreement with States in Part B of the First Schedule with regard to certain financial matters.
279Calculation of “net proceeds”, etc
279AGoods and Services Tax Council
280Finance Commission
281Recommendations of the Finance Commission
282Expenditure defrayable by the Union or a State out of its revenues
283Custody, etc., of Consolidated Funds, Contingency Funds and moneys credited to the public accounts
284Custody of suitors' deposits and other moneys received by public servants and courts
285Exemption of property of the Union from State taxation
286Restrictions as to imposition of tax on the sale or purchase of goods
287Exemption from taxes on electricity
288Exemption from taxation by States in respect of water or electricity in certain cases
289Exemption of property and income of a State from Union taxation
290Adjustment in respect of certain expenses and pensions
290AAnnual payment to certain Devaswom Funds
291Privy purse sums of Rulers.

Part XIIBFinance, Property, Contracts and Suits (Chapter II. — Borrowing)

292Borrowing by the Government of India
293Borrowing by States

Part XIICFinance, Property, Contracts and Suits (Chapter III. — Property, Contracts, Rights, Liabilities)

294Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in certain cases
295Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in other cases
296Property accruing by escheat or lapse or as bona vacantia
297Things of value within territorial waters or continental shelf and resources of the exclusive economic zone to vest in the Union
298Power to carry on trade, etc
299Contracts
300Suits and proceedings

Part XIIDFinance, Property, Contracts AND Suits (Chapter IV. — Right To Property)

300APersons not to be deprived of property save by authority of law

Part XIIITrade, Commerce and Intercourse Within the Territory of India

301Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse
302Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse
303Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the States with regard to trade and commerce
304Restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse among States
305Saving of existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies
306Power of certain States in Part B of the First Schedule to impose restrictions on trade and commerce.
307Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304

Part XIVAServices Under the Union and the States (Chapter I. — Services)

308Interpretation
309Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State
310Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State
311Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State
312All-India services
312APower of Parliament to vary or revoke conditions of service of officers of certain services
313Transitional provisions
314Provision for protection of existing officers of certain services.

Part XIVBServices Under the Union and the States (Chapter II. — Public Service Commissions)

315Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States
316Appointment and term of office of members
317Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service Commission
318Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the Commission
319Prohibition as to the holding of offices by members of Commission on ceasing to be such members
320Functions of Public Service Commissions
321Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions
322Expenses of Public Service Commissions
323Reports of Public Service Commissions

Part XIVCPart Xiva (Tribunals)

323AAdministrative tribunals
323BTribunals for other matters

Part XVElections

324Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission
325No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex
326Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage
327Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to Legislatures
328Power of Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such Legislature
329Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters
329ASpecial provision as to elections to Parliament in the case of Prime Minister and Speaker.

Part XVISpecial Provisions Relating to Certain Classes

330Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People
330AReservation of seats for women in the House of the People
331Representation of the Anglo-Indian Community in the House of the People
332Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assemblies of the States
332AReservation of seats for women in the Legislative Assemblies of the States
333Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the Legislative Assemblies of the States
334Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after certain period
334AReservation of seats for women take effect
335Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts
336Special provision for Anglo-Indian community in certain services
337Special provision with respect to educational grants for the benefit of Anglo-Indian community
338National Commission for Scheduled Castes
338ANational Commission for Scheduled Tribes
338BNational Commission for Backward Classes
339Control of the Union over the administration of Scheduled Areas and the welfare of Scheduled Tribes
340Appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes
341Scheduled Castes
342Scheduled Tribes
342ASocially and educationally backward classes

Part XVIIAOfficial Language (Chapter I.— Language of the Union)

343Official language of the Union
344Commission and Committee of Parliament on official language

Part XVIIBOfficial Language (Chapter Ii.— Regional Languages)

345Official language or languages of a State
346Official language for communication between one State and another or between a State and the Union
347Special provision relating to language spoken by a section of the population of a State

Part XVIICOfficial Language (Chapter Iii.— Language of the Supreme Court, High Courts, Etc)

348Language to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc
349Special procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to language

Part XVIIDOfficial Language (Chapter Iv.— Special Directives)

350Language to be used in representations for redress of grievances
350AFacilities for instruction in mother-tongue at primary stage
350BSpecial Officer for linguistic minorities
351Directive for development of the Hindi language

Part XVIIIEmergency Provisions

352Proclamation of Emergency
353Effect of Proclamation of Emergency
354Application of provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation
355Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance
356Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States
357Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356
358Suspension of provisions of article 19 during emergencies
359Suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III during emergencies
359AApplication of this Part to the State of Punjab.
360Provisions as to financial emergency

Part XIXMiscellaneous

361Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs
361AProtection of publication of proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures
361BDisqualification for appointment on remunerative political post
362Rights and privileges of Rulers of Indian States.
363Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc
363ARecognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolished
364Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes
365Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union
366Definitions
367Interpretation

Part XXAmendment of the Constitution

368Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor

Part XXITemporary, Transitional and Special Provisions

369Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List as if they were matters in the Concurrent List.
370Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir
371Special provision with respect to the States of 2*** Maharashtra and Gujarat
371ASpecial provision with respect to the State of Nagaland
371BSpecial provision with respect to the State of Assam
371CSpecial provision with respect to the State of Manipur
371DSpecial provisions with respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh or the State of Telangana
371EEstablishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh
371FSpecial provisions with respect to the State of Sikkim
371GSpecial provision with respect to the State of Mizoram
371HSpecial provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh
371ISpecial provision with respect to the State of Goa
371JSpecial provisions with respect to State of Karnataka
372Continuance in force of existing laws and their adaptation
372APower of the President to adapt laws
373Power of President to make order in respect of persons under preventive detention in certain cases
374Provisions as to Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings pending in the Federal Court or before His Majesty in Council
375Courts, authorities and officers to continue to function subject to the provisions of the Constitution
376Provisions as to Judges of High Courts
377Provisions as to Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
378Provisions as to Public Service Commissions
378ASpecial provision as to duration of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly
379Provisions as to provisional Parliament and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker thereof.
380Provision as to President
381Council of Ministers of the President
382Provisions as to provisional Legislatures for States in Part A of the First Schedule.
283Provision as to Governors of Provinces
384Council of Ministers of the Governors
385Provision as to provisional Legislatures in States in Part B of the First Schedule.
386Council of Ministers for States in Part B of the First Schedule.
387Special provision as to determination of population for the purposes of certain elections.
388Provisions as to the filling of casual vacancies in the provisional Parliament and provisional Legislatures of the States.
389Provision as to Bills pending in the Dominion Legislatures and in the Legislatures of Provinces and Indian States
390Money received or raised or expenditure incurred between the commencement of the Constitution and the 31st day of March, 1950
391Power of the President to amend the First and Fourth Schedules in certain contingencies.
392Power of the President to remove difficulties

Part XXIIShort Title, Commencement, [Authoritative Text in Hindi] and Repeals

393Short title
394Commencement
394AAuthoritative text in the Hindi language
395Repeals

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Article 45Part IV · Directive Principles of State Policy

Article 45 · Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years

¹[45. Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years.— The State shall endeavour to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.]

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